The Jewish Biblical calendar is a “Lunar Calendar.”
Three main feasts (Exodus 23:14-19)
1. Unleavened Bread (Pasach / Passover) / Barley – Spring harvest which include 3 feasts: Passover, Unleavened Bread and First Fruits of the Barley harvest
2. First Fruits (Shavuot / Pentecost) / Wheat - Summer
3. Ingathering / (Succot / Tabernacles) Fall harvest fruit & grain which include 3 feasts: Blowing of Trumpets, Day of Atonement and Tabernacles

Leviticus 23:1-44 1 The LORD spoke again to Moses, saying, 2 "Speak to the sons of Israel, and say to them, 'The LORD's appointed times which you shall proclaim as holy convocations-- My appointed times are these: 4 'These are the appointed times of the LORD, holy convocations which you shall proclaim at the times appointed for them.

1 – Passover / Pesach = between the 2 evenings / Good Friday / Agricultural New Year (Read Exodus 12) 5 'In the first month on the fourteenth day of the month at twilight is the LORD's Passover.

2 – Unleavened Bread / Matzah / Saturday - 6 'Then on the fifteenth day of the same month there is the Feast of Unleavened Bread to the LORD; for seven days you shall eat unleavened bread.

3 – First Fruits / Barley / Easter Sunday 7 'On the first day you shall have a holy convocation; you shall not do any laborious work. 8 'But for seven days you shall present an offering by fire to the LORD. On the seventh day is a holy convocation; you shall not do any laborious work.'" 9 Then the LORD spoke to Moses, saying, 10 "Speak to the sons of Israel, and say to them, 'When you enter the land which I am going to give to you and reap its harvest, then you shall bring in the sheaf of the first fruits of your harvest to the priest. 11 'And he shall wave the sheaf before the LORD for you to be accepted; on the day after the sabbath the priest shall wave it. 12 'Now on the day when you wave the sheaf, you shall offer a male lamb one year old without defect for a burnt offering to the LORD. 13 'Its grain offering shall then be two-tenths of an ephah of fine flour mixed with oil, an offering by fire to the LORD for a soothing aroma, with its libation, a fourth of a hin of wine. 14 'Until this same day, until you have brought in the offering of your God, you shall eat neither bread nor roasted grain nor new growth. It is to be a perpetual statute throughout your generations in all your dwelling places.

4 – Shavuot / Seven Weeks / Wheat / Pentecost = 50 days (Acts 2) (also Exodus 19, 20) commemorates the giving of the Torah - 15 'You shall also count for yourselves from the day after the Sabbath (Sunday), from the day when you brought in the sheaf of the wave offering; there shall be seven complete sabbaths. 16 'You shall count fifty days to the day after the seventh Sabbath (Sunday); then you shall present a new grain offering to the LORD. 17 'You shall bring in from your dwelling places two loaves of bread for a wave offering, made of two-tenths of an ephah; they shall be of a fine flour, baked with leaven as first fruits to the LORD. 18 'Along with the bread, you shall present seven one year old male lambs without defect, and a bull of the herd, and two rams; they are to be a burnt offering to the LORD, with their grain offering and their libations, an offering by fire of a soothing aroma to the Lord. 19 'You shall also offer one male goat for a sin offering and two male lambs one year old for a sacrifice of peace offerings. 20 'The priest shall then wave them with the bread of the first fruits for a wave offering with two lambs before the LORD; they are to be holy to the Lord for the priest. 21 'On this same day you shall make a proclamation as well; you are to have a holy convocation. You shall do no laborious work. It is to be a perpetual statute in all your dwelling places throughout your generations. 22 'When you reap the harvest of your land, moreover, you shall not reap to the very corners of your field, nor gather the gleaning of your harvest; you are to leave them for the needy and the alien. I am the LORD your God.'" 23 Again the LORD spoke to Moses, saying,

5 – Yom Terruah (blowing) or Feast of Trumpets / Today called Rosh HaShannah / Civil New year - 24 "Speak to the sons of Israel, saying, 'In the seventh month on the first of the month, you shall have a rest, a reminder by blowing of trumpets, a holy convocation. 25 'You shall not do any laborious work, but you shall present an offering by fire to the LORD.'" 26 And the LORD spoke to Moses, saying, 27

6 – Yom Kippur / Day of Atonement (also Leviticus 16)– 27 On exactly the tenth day of this seventh month is the day of atonement; it shall be a holy convocation for you, and you shall humble your souls and present an offering by fire to the LORD. 28 "Neither shall you do any work on this same day, for it is a day of atonement, to make atonement on your behalf before the LORD your God. 29 "If there is any person who will not humble himself on this same day, he shall be cut off from his people. 30 "As for any person who does any work on this same day, that person I will destroy from among his people. 31 "You shall do no work at all. It is to be a perpetual statute throughout your generations in all your dwelling places. 32 "It is to be a sabbath of complete rest to you, and you shall humble your souls; on the ninth of the month at evening, from evening until evening you shall keep your sabbath."

7 – Succot / Booths / Tabernacles / Ingathering Fall harvest - 33 Again the LORD spoke to Moses, saying, 34 "Speak to the sons of Israel, saying, 'On the fifteenth of this seventh month is the Feast of Booths for seven days to the LORD. 35 'On the first day is a holy convocation; you shall do no laborious work of any kind. 36 'For seven days you shall present an offering by fire to the LORD. On the eighth day (Sunday) you shall have a holy convocation and present an offering by fire to the LORD; it is an assembly. You shall do no laborious work. 37 'These are the appointed times of the LORD which you shall proclaim as holy convocations, to present offerings by fire to the LORD-- burnt offerings and grain offerings, sacrifices and libations, each day's matter on its own day-- 38 besides those of the sabbaths of the LORD, and besides your gifts, and besides all your votive and freewill offerings, which you give to the LORD. 39 'On exactly the fifteenth day of the seventh month, when you have gathered in the crops of the land, you shall celebrate the feast of the LORD for seven days, with a rest on the first day and a rest on the eighth day. 40 'Now on the first day you shall take for yourselves the foliage of beautiful trees, palm branches and boughs of leafy trees and willows of the brook; and you shall rejoice before the LORD your God for seven days. 41 'You shall thus celebrate it as a feast to the LORD for seven days in the year. It shall be a perpetual statute throughout your generations; you shall celebrate it in the seventh month. 42 'You shall live in booths for seven days; all the native-born in Israel shall live in booths, 43 so that your generations may know that I had the sons of Israel live in booths when I brought them out from the land of Egypt. I am the LORD your God.'" 44 So Moses declared to the sons of Israel the appointed times of the LORD.

Christian Fulfillments of the Biblical Feasts

Passover (Spring Feasts) Agricultural new Year
Exodus 12:2-3, 6, 26, 27 2-This month shall be the beginning of months for you; it is to be the first month of the year to you. 3 "Speak to all the congregation of Israel, saying, 'On the tenth of this month they are each one to take a lamb for themselves, according to their fathers' households, a lamb for each household.
6 And you shall keep it until the fourteenth day of the same month, then the whole assembly of the congregation of Israel is to kill it at twilight (before sundown).
26-27 And it will come about when your children will say to you, 'What does this rite mean to you?' 27 that you shall say, 'It is a Passover sacrifice to the LORD who passed over the houses of the sons of Israel in Egypt when He smote the Egyptians, but spared our homes.'

Jesus is called the “lamb of God that takes away the sins of the world” (Jh 1:29).
1 Peter 1:19 19 but with precious blood, as of a lamb unblemished and spotless, the blood of Christ.

A lamb “without blemish” was sacrificed during Passover (Mk 14:12, Lk 22:7).

Jesus died at approx 3pm which is when the high priest would have killed the lamb for the nation and would have said “it is finished” (Jh. 19:30).

Unleavened Bread - celebrated for 7 days, the leaven / yeast in bread represented “sin.”
Exodus 12:15 'Seven days you shall eat unleavened bread, but on the first day you shall remove leaven from your houses; for whoever eats anything leavened from the first day until the seventh day, that person shall be cut off from Israel…. Exodus 12:18 'In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month at evening, you shall eat unleavened bread, until the twenty-first day of the month at evening.

The Lord’s Supper was celebrated during Passover / Unleavened Bread (Mat. 26:17-19, I Cor.11:23-29).
1 Corinthians 5:7-8 7 Clean out the old leaven, that you may be a new lump, just as you are in fact unleavened. For Christ our Passover also has been sacrificed. 8 Let us therefore celebrate the feast, not with old leaven, nor with the leaven of malice and wickedness, but with the unleavened bread of sincerity and truth.
2 Corinthians 5:21 - He made Him who knew no sin to be sin on our behalf, that we might become the righteousness of God in Him.

Matzah was also called the “bread of affliction.” Isaiah 53:4-5 Surely our griefs He Himself bore, And our sorrows He carried; Yet we ourselves esteemed Him stricken, Smitten of God, and afflicted. 5 But He was pierced through for our transgressions, He was crushed for our iniquities; The chastening for our well-being fell upon Him, And by His scourging we are healed.

After the 7 days Jesus appeared to them and remained (John 20:26)

First Fruits - First day of the week following the Passover (Mat. 28:1, Mark 16:1, 2, 9,
Lk. 24:1, Jh. 20:1, 19)

A sheaf of Barley was waved before the Lord by the High Priest. After the resurrection, Jesus presented himself as our High Priest and First Fruit offering before the Lord (John 20:17).

The Feast of First Fruits within the Passover also commemorates the Resurrection of Jesus.

Romans 8:23 And not only this, but also we ourselves, having the first fruits of the Spirit, even we ourselves groan within ourselves, waiting eagerly for our adoption as sons, the redemption of our body.

1 Corinthians 15:20 But now Christ has been raised from the dead, the first fruits of those who are asleep.
1 Corinthians 15:23 But each in his own order: Christ the first fruits, after that those who are Christ's at His coming

Pentecost / Shavuot / Weeks – 7 weeks / 7 Sabbaths plus one day for a total of 50 days after Passover celebrated on the First Day of the week (Sunday).
Commemorates the people of Israel entering into a “Marriage Covenant” with God through the giving of the Torah on Mount Sinai through Moses recorded in (Exodus 19, 20). They said “I Do” (Ex. 19:8).
Commemorated by offering the first fruit of the Wheat harvest (Exodus 34:22).
It is said that when God spoke on Mount Sinai that everyone heard Him in their own language.

For Christianity it was during this Holy Day that we commemorate the giving of the Holy Spirit to the apostles (Acts 2). We have received the “first fruit of the Spirit” (Rom. 8:23). It was also marked with fire coming down from heaven just like it did over Mount Sinai. We have received the Spirit not the Law.
God initiates a “New Covenant” and we have been “betrothed to God” (II Cor.11:2) symbolized by the betrothal “gift or earnest / deposit of guarantee of the H.S.” (II Cor. 1:22, 5:5, Eph.1:13, 14). “When He ascended on high he gave gifts to men” (Eph. 4:8)
Acts records that everyone heard the words of God “in their own language” (Acts 2:8).

The 3 Fall Feasts
How has Jesus fulfilled the 3 Fall Feasts?

Feast of Trumpets / Yom Teruah (day of awakening blasts) / Rosh Hashanah / Civil New year (Lev.23:24)
It is considered to be the beginning of the “civil new year,” unlike the agricultural New Year during Passover. Some say it was during this time when creation began.
Begins what is called the “days of awe.” It also begins 10 days of repentance – shuvah, in order to prepare your soul.
A common greeting during this time is, “may your name be written in the Book of Life.” During this time it is said that God opens the books in which He has recorded all the actions of mankind.
It is said that at the end of the ages the “books are opened” (Rev.20:12).
Represents the “final day of judgment” when we all must appear before the judgment seat of Christ (II Cor.5:10).
The blowing of the Shofar will also precede the resurrection of the dead (I Cor.15:52,
I Thes.4:16,

Day of Atonement / Yom Kippur (Lev.16:2, 30, 23:27)
The only time of the year when only the High Priest is allowed to enter the Holy of Holies to offer an atonement sacrifice upon the Ark of the covenant (Heb.9:1-7).
Jesus is our “atonement” (Rom.5:11). He is also our High Priest who has offered up himself as our atonement once and for all (Heb.2:17, 4:14, 5:10, 9:11).
Jesus as our High Priest is always before the throne of God and sits at his right hand as our advocate (I John 2:1). As believers we can come boldly before the throne of grace (Heb.4:16).
A “scapegoat” is led out into the wilderness to die (Lev.16:8-10). Jesus was also led out into the wilderness (Mat.4:1).
The High Priest could not be touched prior to making the offering. Jesus said in (Jh.20:17) “touch me not for I have not yet ascended to the Father.”
The Name of God was only spoken in the Holy of Holies. Jesus confesses “our name” before the throne (Mat.10:32).

Sukkot / Booths or Tabernacles / Ingathering Fall harvest (Lev.23:34, Deut.16:13)
Called the “season of our joy.”
Commemorates the building of temporary houses in the wilderness for 40 years and the building of the first Sacred Tabernacle in the wilderness when God “tabernacled or dwelt among man.”
God “tabernacled” with us through Jesus (John 1:14).
They were temporary houses, which also symbolize our own temporary houses, our bodies (II Cor.5:1).
It was the time when kings were enthroned.
We await a time when Jesus is pronounced as king of kings among all the nations of the world (Rev.19:16).
The bringing in of the largest ingathering of the harvest of the year. Fruit represents souls as well. It also represents the greatest “ingathering of souls” at the end of the age (Mat.13:30, 39).